ABSTRACT
Background: recent studies have shown the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D3 through down-regulation of Toll-like receptor [TLR] expression in human monocytes. In this study, the effects of vitamin D treatment on TLR2 and TLR4 expression on monocytes derived from type 2 diabetes was investigated
Materials and Methods: to assess the influence of vitamin D3 on expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes from patients with type II diabetes, peripheral blood sample was taken of 30 patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] were isolated by density gradient centrifuge and then monocytes were isolated from these cells with using the magnetic activated cell sorting [MACS]. To investigate the effect of vitamin D3 on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4, monocytes were cultured in the presence of vitamin D3 [10[-9] M] for 48 hours. Then the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was determined by Real-time PCR
Results: we found that vitamin D3 suppresses the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in patients with type II diabetes. TLR2 and TLR4 expression in the patients exposed to vitamin D3 were significantly decreased in comparison with patients who were not treated with vitamin D3
Conclusion: it can be concluded that vitamin D3 supplements may be further analyzed as a therapeutic option by reducing TLR2 and TLR4 expression in patients with type II diabetes
ABSTRACT
Background: detecting Bence-Jones protein in urine is essential for determining plasma cell dyscrasia and multiple myeloma. Conventionally, acid-heat precipitation assay is used for detecting Bence-jones protein in most medical laboratories; however, because of the low accuracy of this test, other more sensitive tests like urine electrophoresis are recommended
Materials and Methods: in this study, the presence of Bence-jones protein in the urine of patients suspected to monoclonal gammopathies were compared using acid-heat precipitation, capillary immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the subsets of light chain [kappa and lamda] in capillary immunoelectrophoresis were determined
Results: our data showed high false negative results [77.7%] using acid-heat precipitation assay in comparison with polyacrylamide gel and capillary immunoelectrophoresis [0%]
Conclusion: collectively, in spite of advantages like easy performance and low cost, acid-heat precipitation assay is not reliable for determining Bence-jones proteinuria in medical laboratories due to its low sensitivity. Therefore, it is recommended to be replaced with more sensitive assays like electrophoresis